Ричард Майлз - Карфаген должен быть разрушен

• Название: Карфаген должен быть разрушен
• Автор: Ричард Майлз
• Издательство: АСТ
• Жанр: История
• Год: 2014
• ISBN: 978–5–17–084413–5

Карфаген…

Наследник цивилизации финикийских мореплавателей, основавших множество колоний.

Богатейший город на западном средиземноморском побережье Африки, обладающий могучим флотом и боеспособной армией.

Торговая держава, господствовавшая в регионе задолго до прихода римлян.

И все же «Карфаген должен быть разрушен!»

Почему не покорен, не завоеван, а именно стерт с лица земли?

По каким причинам существование Карфагена сделалось столь невыносимым для его главного конкурента — молодой Римской республики?

---

Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Berlin, 1863

Corpus luris Civilis, vol. 1, ed. T. Mommsen & P. Kraeger. Berlin, 1954; ed. & tr. A. Watson. 4 vols. Rev. edn. Philadelphia, 2009

De Viris Illustribus [Deeds of Famous Men], ed. & tr. W Sherwin. Norman, Okla., 1973

Dio Cassius, Roman History, ed. & tr. E. Cary. 9 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1917–27

Diodoras Siculus, The Library of History, ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1960–67

Diogenes Laertius, Clitomachus, Herillus, in Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, ed. & tr. H. Hicks. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1925

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Roman Antiquities, ed. & tr. E. Cary. 7 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1948–50

Epitome of the Philippic History ofPompeius Tragus, ed. & tr. J. Yard-ley & R. Develin. Atlanta, Ga., 1994

Eusebius of Caeserea, Evangelica Praeparatio [Preparation for the Gospel], ed. H. Gifford. Oxford, 1903

Eutropius ('Eutrope'), Abrege d'histoire romaine [An Abridged History of Rome], ed. & French tr. J. Hellegouarch. Paris, 1999

Fabius Pictor, Fragments, in H. Beck (ed.), Diefruhen romischen Historiker. Band I: Von Fabius Pictor bis Cn. Gellius. Darmstadt, 2001. 55–136

Festus Rufus Avienus, Ora Maritima or Description of the Seacoast, ed. & tr. J. Murphy. Chicago, 1999

FGH = E Jacoby et al. (eds.), Die Fragmente dergriechischen Histori-ker. Leiden/Berlin, 1923-

Florus, Epitome of Roman History, ed. & tr. E. Forster. Cambridge, Mass., 1984

Frontinus, Stratagems, Aqueducts, ed. & tr. С Bennett. Cambridge, Mass., 1925

Hanno the Carthaginian, Periplus or Circumnavigation [of Africa], ed. & tr. A. Oikonomides & M. Miller. Chicago, 1995

Herodotus, The Persian Wars, ed. & tr. A. Godley. 4 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1920–25

Hesiod, Theogony, ed. & tr. G. Most. Cambridge, Mass., 2007

Homer, Iliad, ed. & tr. A. Murray & W. Wyatt. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1999

— Odyssey, ed. & tr. A. Murray. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1984

Horace, The Complete Odes andEpodes, tr. D. West. Oxford, 2000

Iamblichus, On the Pythagorean Life, tr. G. Clark. Liverpool, 1989

ILLRP = Inscriptiones Latinae Liberae Rei Publicae, ed. H. Degrassi. 2 vols. Florence, 1957–63

Isocrates, To Nicocles, ed. & tr. S. Usher. Warminster, 1990

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, ed. & tr. H. Thackeray et al. 13 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1930–65

Justin, Apologies, ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge, 1911

Justinian, Digest, ed. T. Mommsen, tr. A. Watson. Philadelphia, 1985

KAI = H. Donner & W. Rollig (eds.), Kanaanaische und aramaische Inschriften, 3rd edn, 3 vols. Wiesbaden, 1964

Lactantius, Divine Institutes, ed. & tr. A. Bowen & P. Garnsey. Liverpool, 2003

Livy, History of Rome [inc. Epitome], ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1961–7

Lydus, Ioannes Laurentius Qohn Lydus), Liber de Mensibus [On the Months], ed. R. Wuensch. Leipzig, 1898

Lysias, Olympiacus, ed. & tr. W Lamb. Cambridge, Mass., 2000

Macrobius, The Saturnalia, ed. & tr. P. Davies. New York, 1969

Martial, Epigrams, ed. & tr. D. Shackleton Bailey. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1993

Naevius, Belli Punici Carminis Quae Supersunt [The Punic War], ed. W Strzelecki. Leipzig, 1964

Nonnus, Dionysiaca, ed. & tr. W Rouse. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1940

Onasander, The General, ed. & tr. Illinois Greek Club. Cambridge, Mass., 1923

Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta Liberae Rei Publicae, ed. H. Malcovati. Paravia, 1955

Orosius ('Paul Orose'), Histoires contre lespaiens [History against the Pagans], ed. & French tr. M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet. 3 vols. Paris, 1990-91

Ovid, Fasti [The Festivals], ed. & tr. J. Frazer. Cambridge, Mass., 1931 Pausanias, Description of Greece, ed. & tr. W.Jones & R. Wycherley. 5 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1918–35

PCG = Poetae Comici Graeci, ed. M. Kassel & C. Austin. Berlin, 1983

Philostratus, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, ed. & tr. C.Jones. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 2005

Pindar, Nemean Odes, Isthmian Odes, Fragments, ed. & tr. W Race. Cambridge, Mass., 1997

— Olympian Odes, Pythian Odes, ed. & tr. W. Race. Cambridge, Mass., 1997

Plato, Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, ed. & tr. H. North Fowler. Cambridge, Mass., 1914

— Laws, ed. & tr. R. Bury. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 4th repr. 1967–8

— Minos, in Charmides [etc.], ed. & tr. W. Lamb. Cambridge, Mass., 1927

Plautus, Mostellaria [The Haunted House], in The Merchant [etc.], ed. & tr. P. Nixon. Cambridge, Mass., 1924

— Poenulus in The Little Carthaginian [etc.], ed. & tr. P. Nixon. Cam-bridge, Mass., 1932

Pliny, Natural History, ed. & tr. H. Rackham, W Jones & D. Eichholz. 10 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1962–7

Plutarch, De Herodoti malignitate [On the Malice of Herodotus], ed. W. Goodwin. Boston, 1878

— Moralia, ed. & tr. E Babitt et al. 15 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1927–69

— Parallel Lives, ed. & tr. B. Perrin. II vols. (Camillus, Cato Major, Lucullus, Themistocles — vol. 2. Fabius Maximus, Pericles — vol. 3. Marcellus, Pompey — vol. 5. Timoleon — vol. 6. Alexander — vol. 7. Marius, Pyrrhus — vol. 9. Gaius Gracchus, Flaminius — vol. 10.) Cambridge, Mass., 1914–26

Polyaenus, Stratagems of War, in E. Woelfflin (ed.), Polyaeni Strategematon Libri Octo. Leipzig, 1887; tr. P. Krentz & E. Wheeler. Chicago, 1994

Polybius, The Histories, ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1922–7

Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia [Description of the World], tr. F. Romer. Ann Arbor, 1998

Porphyry, On Abstinence from Killing Animals, ed. J. Bouffartigue, M. Patillon & A.-P. Segonds. 3 vols. Paris, 1979–95; tr. G. Clark. Ithaca, NY, 2000

Pseudo-Aristotle, Mirabiles Auscultationes, in A. Westermann (ed.), Paradoxographoi. Scriptures rerum Mirabilium Graeci. Amsterdam,

Pseudo-Scylax, Periplus, in J. Hudson & J. Gail (eds.), Geographi Graeci Minores. Paris, 1831

Quintilian, The Orator's Education, ed. & tr. D. Russell. 5 vols. Cam-“ bridge, Mass., 2001

Quintus Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander the Great, ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1946

Rhetorica ad Herennium, in (formerly attrib. Cicero) Ad C. Herennium [etc.], ed. & tr. H. Caplan. Cambridge, Mass., 1954

Sallust, War with Catiline, War with Jugurtba, Selections from the Histories, ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass., 1931

Sempronius Tuditanus, Historicorum Romanorum Reliquiae, ed. H. Peter. Leipzig, 1906, 1914. 143–7

Servius, Commentary on Book Pour of Virgil's Aeneid, ed. & tr. С. McDonough, R. Prior & M. Stansbury, Wauconda, 111., 2004 Silenus, in K. Muller (ed.), Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, vol. 3. Paris, 1849.100–101

Silius Italicus, Punica, ed. & tr. J. Duff. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1934

Solinus, Collectanea Rerum Memorabilium, ed. T. Mommsen. Berlin, 1864

Statius, Silvae, ed. & tr. D. Shackleton Bailey. Cambridge, Mass., 2003

Stesichorus, Geryoneis, in Greek Lyric, vol. 3, ed. & tr. D. Campbell. Cambridge, Mass., 1991

Strabo, Geography, ed. & tr. H. Jones. 8 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1917–67

Suetonius, Augustus, Tiberius, in Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars, vol. I, ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. Cambridge, Mass., 1914

Tertullian, De Pallio, in Opera, pt 4, ed. V. Bulhart & P. Borleffs. Vienna, 1957

Theophrastus, in Theophrastus ofEresus: Sources for his Life, Writings, Thought and Influence, ed. W. Fortenbaugh et al. 2 vols. Leiden, 1992

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, ed. & tr. C. Smith. 4 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1919–23

Tzetzes, Chiliades, ed. T. Pressel. Tubingen, 1851

Valerius Maximus ('Valere Maxime'), Faits et dits memorables [Memorable Deeds and Sayings], ed. & French tr. R. Combes. 2 vols. Paris, 1995–7

Varro, On Agriculture, ed. & tr. W. Hooper & H. Ash. Cambridge, Mass., 1934

— On the Latin Language, ed. & tr. R. Kent. Cambridge, Mass., 1938

Vegetius, Preface in Vegetius: Epitome of Military Science, tr. N. Milner. 2nd edn. Liverpool, 1996

Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History, ed. & tr. F Shipley. Cambridge, Mass., 1924

Vergil, Aeneid, ed. & tr. H. Rushton Fairclough. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1916–18

Vitruvius, On Architecture, ed. & tr. F. Granger. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1931–4

Zonaras, Epitome of History, ed. L. Dindorf. Leipzig, 1868–75; tr. T. Banchich & E. Lane. London, 2009

Modern studies

Abulafia, D. 2005 'Mediterraneans', in Harris (ed.) 2005, 64–93 Acquare, E. 1983–4 'Su i “ritratti barcidi” delle monete puniche', Ritratti storici dell'antichita, 13–14:83–6

— 1984 Arte e cultura punica in Sardegna. Sassari

— 1988 Gli insediamenti fenici e punici in Italia. Rome

— 1989 'Les emissions du “soulevement libyen”: types, ethnies et roles politiques', in Devijver & Lipinski (eds.) 1989, 137–44

Acquaro, E., Manfredi, L, & Cutroni Tusa, A. 1991 Le monetepuniche in Italia. Rome Acquaro, E., et al. (eds.) 1969 Ricerche puniche ad Antas. Rome

— 1991 Atti del II Congresso internazionale di studi fenici e punici: Roma, 9–14 novembre 1997. Rome

Adams, J. 2003 Bilingualism and the Latin Language. Cambridge

Adcock, E 1946 'Delenda est Carthago', Cambridge Historicaljoumal, 8:117–28 Africa, W. 1970 'The One-Eyed Man against Rome: An Exercise in Euhemerism', Historia, 19:528–38

Alexandropoulos, J. 1992 'Contributions à la definition des domaines monetaires numides et mauretaniens', in Hackens & Moucharte (eds.) 1992,133–48

Amadasi Guzzo, M. 1969 'Note sul dio Sid', in Acquaro et al. (eds.) 1969,95–104

— 1988 'Dedicaces de femmes a Carthage', in Lipinski (ed.) 1988, 143–9

— 1991 “The Shadow Line”. Reflexions sur l'introduction de l'alphabet en Grece', in Baurain, Bonnet & Krings (eds.) 1991,293–311

— 1993 'Divinita fenicie a Tas-Silg, Malta, I dati epigrafici' Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 3: 205–14

— 1995 'Mondes Etrusque et Italique', in Krings (ed.) 1995, 663–73

— 2005a 'Cultes et epithetes de Milqart', Transeuphratene, 30:9–18

— 2005b 'Melqart nelle iscrizioni fenicie d'occidente', in Bernardini & Zucca (eds.) 2005,45–52

Ameling, W. 1993 Karthago. Studien zu Militar, Staat und Gesellschaft. Munich

Anello, P. 1986 'II trattato del 405/4 a.C. e la formazione della “eparchia” punica di Sicilia', Kokalos, 32: 115–79

Arnott, W. 1996 Alexis: The Fragments: A Commentary, Cambridge

Asheri, D. 1988 'Carthaginians and Greeks', inj. Boardman et al. (eds.) 1988 The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 4: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean с 525 to 479 B.C. Cambridge. 738–80

Astin, A. 1967 Scipio Aemilianus. Oxford — 1978 Cafo the Censor. Oxford

Aubet, M. 2001 The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, Colonies and Trade. 2nd edn, tr. M. Turton. Cambridge

— 2002a 'Notes on the Economy of the Phoenician Settlements in Southern Spain', in Bierling & Gitin 2002, 79–98

— 2002b 'The Phoenician Impact on Tartessos: Spheres of Interaction', in Bierling & Gitin 2002, 225–40

— 2006 'On the Organization of the Phoenician Colonial System in Iberia', in Riva & Velia 2006, 94–109

Badián, E. 1958 Foreign Clientelae (264–70B.C.). Oxford

Bagnali, N. 1999 The Punic Wars: Rome, Carthage and the Struggle for the Mediterranean. London

Baldus, H. 1982 'Unerkannte Reflexe der romischen Nordafrika Expedition von 256/5 v. Chr. in der karthagischen Miinzpragung', Chiron, 12:163 ff.

— 1988 'Zwei Deutungsvorschlage zur punischen Goldpragung im mittleren 3. Jh. v. Chr', Chiron, 18:181–8

Balmuth, M., & Tykot, R. (eds.) 1998 Sardinian and Aegean Chronology: Towards the Resolution of Relative and Absolute Dating in the Mediterranean. Oxford

Barcelo, P. 1988KarthagounddieIberischeHalbinselvordenBarkiden. Bonn

— 1991 'Mercenarios hispanos en los ejercitos cartagineses en Sicilia', in Acquaro et al. (eds.) 1991, 21–6