Ник Лейн - Лестница жизни

• Название: Лестница жизни
• Автор: Ник Лейн
• Издательство: Act, corpus
• Жанр: Биология
• Год: 2014
• ISBN: 978-5-17-079731-8

Как возникла жизнь? Откуда взялась ДНК? Почему мы умираем? В последние десятилетия ученые смогли пролить свет на эти и другие вопросы происхождения и организации жизни. Известный английский биохимик реконструирует историю всего живого, описывая лучшие изобретения эволюции, и рассказывает, как каждое из них, начиная с самой жизни и генов и заканчивая сознанием и смертью, преображало природу нашей планеты и даже саму планету.

---

Gilbert, W. The RNA world // Nature 319: 618; 1986.

Hayes, В. The invention of the genetic code // American Scientist 86: 8–14; 1998.

Koonin, E. V., Martin, W. On the origin of genomes and cells within inorganic compartments // Trends in Genetics 21: 647–654; 2005.

Leipe, D., Aravind, L., Koonin, E. V. Did DNA replication evolve twice independently? // Nucleic Acids Research 27: 3389–3401; 1999.

Martin, W., Russell, M. J. On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London В 358: 59–83; 2003.

Taylor, F. J. R., Coates, D. The code within the codons // Biosystems 22:177–187; 1989.

Watson, J. D., Crick, F. H. C. A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid // Nature 171: 737–738; 1953.

Глава 3. Фотосинтез

Allen, J. F., Martin, W. Outofthin air // Nature 445: 610–612; 2007.

Allen, J. F. A redox switch hypothesis for the origin of two light reactions in photosynthesis // FEBS Letters 579: 963–968; 2005.

Dalton, R. Squaring up over ancient life // Nature 417:782–784; 2002.

Ferreira, K. N.. et al. Architecture of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center // Science 303:1831–1838; 2004.

Mauzerall, D. Evolution of porphyrins — life as a cosmic imperative // Clinics in Dermatology 16; 195–201; 1998.

Olson, J. M., Blankenship, R. E. Thinking about photosynthesis // Photosynthesis Research 80: 373–386; 2004.

Russell, M. J., Allen, J. F., Milner-White, E. J. Inorganic complexes enabled the onset of life and oxygenic photosynthesis / In: Energy from the Sun: 14th International Congress on Photosynthesis. Allen, J. F., Gantt, E., Golbeck, J. H., Osmond B., eds. Springer 1193–1198; 2008.

Sadekar, S., Raymond, J., Blankenship, R. E. Conservation of distantly related membrane proteins: photosynthetic reaction centers share a common structural core // Molecular Biology and Evolution 23: 2001–2007; 2006.

Sauer, K., Yachandra, V. К. A possible evolutionary origin for the MnA cluster of the photosynthetic water oxidation complex from natural MnO2 precipitates in the early ocean // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99: 8631–8636; 2002.

Walker, D. A. The Z-scheme — Downhill all the way // Trends in Plant Sciences 7:183–185; 2002.

Yano, J., et al. Where water is oxidised to dioxygen: structure of the photosynthetic Mn4Ca cluster // Science 314: 821–825; 2006.

Глава 4. Сложная клетка

Сох, С. J., et al. The archaebacterial origin of eukaryotes // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105: 20 356-20361; 2008.

Embley, M. T., Martin, W. Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges // Nature 440: 623–630; 2006.

Javaeux, E. J. The early eukaryotic fossil record // Origins and Evolution of Eukaryotic Endomembranes and Cytoskeleton. Ed. Gáspár Jékely. Landes Bioscience 2006.

Koonin, E. V. The origin of introns and their role in eukaryogenesis: a compromise solution to the introns-early versus introns-late debate? // Biology Direct 1: 22; 2006.

Lane, N. Mitochondria: key to complexity / In: Origin of Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes. Martin, W., Muller, M., eds. Springer, 2007.

Martin, W., Koonin, E. V. Introns and the origin of nucleus-cytosol compartmentalisation // Nature 440: 41–45; 2006.

Martin, W., Muller, M. The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote // Nature 392: 37–41; 1998.

Pisani, D, Cotton, J. A., McInerney, J. O. Supertrees disentangle the chimerical origin of eukaryotic genomes // Molecular Biology and Evolution 24:1752–1760; 2007.

Sagan, L. On the origin of mitosing cells // Journal of Theoretical Biology 14: 255–274; 1967.

Simonson, A. B., et a l. Decoding the genomic tree of life // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 6608–6013; 2005.

Taft, R. J., Pheasant, M., Mattick, J. S. The relationship between non-proteincoding DNA and eukaryotic complexity // BioEssays 29: 288–299; 2007.

Vellai, Т., Vida, G. The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells // Proceedings of the Royal Society of London В 266:1571–1577; 1999.

Глава 5. Секс

Burt, A. Sex, recombination, and the efficacy of selection: was Weismann right? // Evolution 54: 337–351; 2000.

Butlin, R. The costs and benefits of sex: new insights from old asexual lineages // Nature Reviews in Genetics 3: 311–317; 2002.

Cavalier-Smith, T. Origins of the machinery of recombination and sex // Heredity 88:125–141; 2002.

Dacks, J., Roger, A. J. The first sexual lineage and the relevance of facultative sex // Journal of Molecular Evolution 48: 779–783; 1999.

Felsenstein, J. The evolutionary advantage of recombination // Genetics 78: 737–756;1974.

Hamilton, W. D., Axelrod, R.,Tanese, R. Sexual reproduction as an adaptation to resist parasites // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87: 3566–3573; 1990.

Howard, R. S., Lively, C. V. Parasitism, mutation accumulation and the maintenance of sex // Nature 367: 554–557; 1994.

Keightley, P. D., Otto, S. P. Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations // Nature 443: 89–92; 2006.

Kondrashov, A. Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual recombination // Nature 336: 435–440; 1988.

Otto, S. P., Nuismer, S. L. Species interactions and the evolution of sex // Science 304:1018–1020; 2004.

Szollosi, G. J., Derenyi, I., Vellai, T. The maintenance of sex in bacteria is ensured by its potential to reload genes // Genetics 174: 2173–2180; 2006.

Глава 6. Движение

Amos, L. A., van den Ent, F., Lowe, J. Structural/functional homology between the bacterial and eukaryotic cytoskeletons // Current Opinion in Cell Biology 16: 24–31; 2004.

Frixione, E. Recurring views on the structure and function of the cytoskeleton: a 300 year epic // Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 46: 73–94;2000.

Huxley, H. E., Hanson, J. Changes in the cross striations of muscle during contraction and stretch and their structural interpretation // Nature 173: 973–976; 1954.

Huxley, H. E. A personal view of muscle and motility mechanisms // Annual Review of Physiology 58:1–19; 1996.

Mitchison, T. J. Evolution of a dynamic cytoskeleton // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London В 349: 299–304; 1995.

Nachmias, V. T., Huxley, H., Kessler, D. Electron microscope observations on actomyosin and actin preparations from Physarum polycephalum, and on their interaction with heavy meromyosin subfragment I from muscle myosin // Journal of Molecular Biology 50: 83–90; 1970.

Oota, S., Saitou, N. Phylogenetic relationship of muscle tissues deduced from superimposition of gene trees // Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 856–867; 1999.

Piccolino, M. Animal electricity and the birth of electrophysiology: The legacy of Luigi Galvani // Brain Research Bulletin 46: 381–407; 1998.

Richards, T. A., Cavalier-Smith, T. Myosin domain evolution and the primary divergence of eukaryotes // Nature 436:1113–18; 2005.

Swank, D. M., Vishnudas, V. K., Maughan, D. W. An exceptionally fast actomyosin reaction powers insect flight muscle // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103:17 543-7; 2006.

Wagner, P. J., Kosnik, M. A., Lidgard, S. Abundance distributions imply elevated complexity of post-paleozoic marine ecosystems // Science 314:1289–92; 2006.

Глава 7. Зрение

Addadi, L., Weiner, S. Control and Design Principles in Biological Mineralisation // Angewandte Chemie International Edition 3:153–169; 1992.

Aizenberg, J., et al. Calcitic microlenses as part of the photoreceptor system in brittlestars // Nature 412: 819–822; 2001.

Arendt, D., et al. Ciliary photoreceptors with a vertebrate-type opsin in an invertebrate brain // Science 306: 869–871; 2004.

Deininger, W., Fuhrmann, M., Hegemann, P. Opsin evolution: out of wild green yonder? // Trends in Genetics 16:158–159; 2000.

Gehring, W. J. Historical perspective on the development and evolution of eyes and photoreceptors // International Journal of Developmental Biology 48: 707–717; 2004.

Gehring, W. J. New perspectives on eye development and the evolution of eyes and photoreceptors //Journal of Heredity 96:171–184; 2005.

Nilsson, D. E., Pelger, S. A pessimistic estimate of the time required for an eye to evolve И Proceedings of the Royal Society of London В 256: 53–58;1994.

Panda, S., et al. Illumination of the melanopsin signaling pathway // Science 307: 600–604; 2005.

Piatigorsky, J. Seeing the light: the role of inherited developmental cascades in the origins of vertebrate lenses and their crystallins // Heredity 96: 275–277; 2006.

Shi, Y., Yokoyama, S. Molecular analysis of the evolutionary significance of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 8308–8013; 2003.

Van Dover, C. L., et al. A novel eye in «eyeless» shrimp from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge // Nature 337: 458–460; 1989.

White, S. N., et AL. Ambient light emission from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge // Geophysical Research Letters 29: 341–344; 2000.

Глава 8. Теплокровность

Burness, G. P., Diamond, J., Flannery, T. Dinosaurs, dragons, and dwarfs: the evolution of maximal body size // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:14 518-14523; 2001.

Hayes, J. P., Garland, J. The evolution of endothermy: testing the aerobic capacity model // Evolution 49: 836–847; 1995.

Hulbert, A. J., Else, P. L. Membranes and the setting of energy demand // Journal of Experimental Biology 208:1593–1599; 2005.

Kirkland, J. I., et al. A primitive therizinosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah // Nature 435: 84–87; 2005.

Klaassen, M., Nolet, B. A. Stoichiometry of endothermy: shifting the quest from nitrogen to carbon // Ecology Letters 11:1–8; 2008.

Lane, N. Reading the book of death // Nature 448:122–125; 2007.

O’Connor, P. M., Claessens, L. P. A. M. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs // Nature 436: 253–256; 2005.

Organ, C. L., et AL. Molecular phylogenetics of Mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex // Science 320: 499; 2008.

Prum, R. O., Brush, A. H. The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers // Quarterly Review of Biology 77: 261–295; 2002.

Sawyer, R. H., Knapp, L. W. Avian skin development and the evolutionary origin of feathers // Journal of Experimental Zoology 298B: 57–72; 2003.

Seebacher, F. Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy // Paleobiology 29:105–122; 2003.

Walter, I., Seebacher, F. Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of endothermy in birds (Gallus gallus): a new role of PGC-1α? // American Journal of Physiology — Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293: R2315 — R2322; 2007.

Глава 9. Сознание

Churchland, P. How do neurons know? // Daedalus Winter 2004; 42–50.

Crick, F., Koch, C. A framework for consciousness // Nature Neuroscience 6:119–126; 2003.

Denton, D. A., et al. The role of primordial emotions in the evolutionary origin of consciousness // Consciousness and Cognition 18 (2): 500–514; 2009.

Edelman, G., Gally, J. A. Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98: 13 763-13/68; 2001.

Edelman, G. Consciousness: the remembered present // Anna is of the New York Academy of Sciences 929:111–122; 2001.

Gil, M., De Marco, R. J., Menzel, R. Learning reward expectations in honeybees // Learning and Memory 14: 49–96; 2007.

Koch, C., Greenfield, S. How does consciousness happen? // Scientific American October 2007; 76–83.

Lane, N. Medical constraints on the quantum mind // Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 93: 571–575; 2000.

Merker, B. Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: A challenge for neuroscience and medicine // Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30: 63–134; 2007.

Musacchio, J. M. The ineffability of qualia and the word-anchoring problem // Language Sciences 27: 403–435; 2005.

Searle, J. How to study consciousness scientifically // Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 353:1935–1942; 1998.

Singer, W. Consciousness and the binding problem // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 929:123–146; 2001.

Глава 10. Смерть

Almeida, A., Almeida, J., Bolanos, J. P., Moncada, S. Different responses of astrocytes and neurons to nitric oxide: the role of glycolytically generated ATP in astrocyte protection // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 98:15 294-15299; 2001.

Barja, G. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production are independently modulated: implications for aging studies // Rejuvenation Research 10: 215–224; 2007.

Bauer et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a highcalorie diet // Nature 444: 280–281; 2006.

Bidle, K. D., Falkowski, P. G. Cell death in planktonic, photosynthetic microorganisms // Nature Reviews in Microbiology 2: 643–655; 2004.

Blagosklonny, M. V. An anti-aging drug today: from senescence-promoting genes to anti-aging pill // Drug Discovery Today 12: 218–224; 2007.

Bonawitz, N. D., et al. Reduced TOR signaling extends chronological life span via increased respiration and upregulation of mitochondrial gene expression // Cell Metabolism 5: 265–277; 2007.

Garber, K. A mid-life crisis foraging theory // Nature 26: 371–374; 2008.

Hunter, P. Is eternal youth scientifically plausible? // EMBO Reports 8:18–20; 2007.

Kirkwood, T. Understanding the odd science of aging // Cell 120: 437–447; 2005.

Lane, N. A unifying view of aging and disease: the double-agent theory // Journal of Theoretical Biology 225: 531–540; 2003.

Lane, N. Origins of death // Nature 453: 583–585; 2008.

Tanaka, M., et al. Mitochondrial genotype associated with longevity // Lancet 351:185–186;1998.

Примечания

1

Реакции этого типа называются окислительно-восстановительными. Для них характерна передача электрона от донора (в данном случае — водорода) акцептору (в данном случае — кислороду), обладающему гораздо большей потребностью в их присоединении. В итоге образуется термодинамически стабильный конечный продукт (вода). В ходе любой окислительно-восстановительной реакции происходит передача электронов от донора акцептору, и примечательно, что все живое, от бактерий до человека, получает энергию за счет того или иного механизма передачи электронов. Венгерский нобелевский лауреат Альберт Сент-Дьерди высказался так: «Жизнь есть не что иное как электроны, которые ищут себе место для отдыха».