Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»

• Название: Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
• Автор: Джеймс Голдгейер
• Издательство: Международные отношения
• Жанр: Политика
• Год: 2009
• ISBN: 978-5-7133-1350-0

Как формировалась внешняя политика США по отношению к России в 90-е годы XX века? В чем видела свои интересы в разваливающемся Советском Союзе правящая американская элита и правильно ли оценивала ситуацию? Какие были совершены ошибки и почему? На эти вопросы на основании широкого спектра источников, бесед с известными политическими деятелями, личных наблюдений пытаются найти ответ авторы нашумевшей в США книги.

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649

Ibid. — P. 131.

650

Interviews with Sandy Berger, Lake and Lipton.

651

For Clinton public statements. See: Press Conference of the President Clinton and President Yeltsin, Kalastaja Torppa, White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Helsinki, Finland), March 21, 1997; on Baltic issue, see: Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 239-241.

652

Interview with John Bass.

653

Interviews with Jamie Shea and Talbott. On Primakov-Yeltsin and positions on military equipment, see also: Dobbs M. For Clinton, Sticking with Yeltsin Sealed Agreement on NATO // Washington Post. — May 27, 1997. — P. All.

654

The Founding Act as posted on the NATO website (www.nato.int).

655

Remarks by the President in Live telecast to Russian People, Ostankino TV Station, Moscow, Russia, White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Moscow Russia), January 14, 1994; Remarks by the President Clinton, French President Chirac, Russian President Yeltsin, and NATO Secretary-General Solana at NATO-Russia Founding Act Signing Ceremony. White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Paris, France), May 27, 1997.

656

For a survey, see: Stent A. Russia and Germany Reborn: Unification the Soviet Collapse, and the New Europe. — Princeton University Press, 1999. — P. 226-229, the Gaidar quote is on. — P. 227.

657

Аналогичную позицию см. в высказываниях Майкла Макфола и его заявлении в: Russia's Election: What Does It Mean? Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. 104 Cong. 2 sess. — July 10, 1996. — P. 19-21 and 57-67. Others did not, see: Reddaway P. Russia Heads for Trouble // New York Times. — July 2, 1996. — P. A15. Layard R. and Parker J. // The Coming Russian Boom: A Guide to New Markets and Politics. — Free Press, 1996. Намного раньше других предсказали экономический рост в России.

658

Talbott S. The End of the Beginning: The Emergence of a New Russia, address delivered at Stanford University. — September 19, 1997; and Talbott S. The Struggle for Russia's Future // Wall Street Journal. — September 25, 1997. — P. A22.

659

Talbott. The End of the Beginning.

660

McFaul M. Russia's Unfinished Revolution: Political Change from Gorbachev to Putin. — Cornell University Press, 2001. — Chap. 7; Clinton's remarks were posted at www.g7.utoronto.

661

American Foreign Policy Council, Russia Reform Monitor. — Washington, September 1997. — No. 308; and Gordon M. Russia Resists IMF's Strategy for Reducing Budget Deficit // New York Times. — May 16, 1998. — P. 3.

662

Kara H., Pinto В. and Ulatov S. An Analysis of Russia's 1998 Meltdown: Fundamentals and Market Signals. — Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. — Vol. 1 (2001). — P. 14.

663

Treisman D. Fighting Inflation in a Transitional Regime: Russia's Anomalous Stabilization // World Politics. — Vol. 50. — January 1998. — P. 235-265; and General Accounting Office. Foreign Assistance: International Efforts to Aid Russia's Transition Have Had Mixed Results, report to the House Committee on Banking and Financial Services, GAO-01-8 (November 2000). — P. 46.

664

Joint Statement on U.S. — Russia Economic Initiative. — March 21, 1997; Public Papers of the President, 1997. — Vol. 1 (Government Printing Office, 1997). — P. 345.

665

Gore-Chernomyrdin press conference. — September 23, 1997. U.S. Information Agency transcript.

666

U.S. to Push for Russia's Integration into WTO // Wall Street Journal. — April 1, 1997. — P. A5.

667

Fisher S. The Russian Economy: Prospects and Retrospects, address to the Higher School of Economics. — Moscow (Russia), June 19, 2001 (www.imf.org/ external/np/speeches/2001/061901.htm [July 2003]).

668

Fisher S. What Went Wrong in Russia // Financial Times. — September 27, 1999. — P. 26.

669

Summers L.H. The Global Stake in Russian Economy Reform, speech to the U.S. — Russia Business Council, April 1, 1997 (www.ustres.gov/press/release/ n-1578 [July 2003]).

670

См.: Fisher. What Went Wrong in Russia.

671

McFaul M. Russia's 'Privatized' State as an Impediment to Democratic Consolidation. — Part 2. Security Dialogue. — Vol. 29 (Summer 1998). — P. 219-236; and Hoffman D. The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia (Public Affairs, 2002). — P. 419.

672

Hoffman, The Oligarchs. — P. 433.

673

Ibid. — P. 437.

674

Илларионов А. Инфляция и антиинфляционная политика в: Красавина Л. Инфляция и антиинфляционная политика в России. — М.: Финансы и статистика, 2000. — С. 81-87; Коунов А., Алексашенко С. Битва за рубль. — М.: Алма-матер, 1999. — С. 236.

675

World Bank/IMF Agenda. World Bank Transition Newsletter. — Washington, December 1997.

676

Khara, Pinto, and Ulanov. An Analysis of Russia's 1998 Meltdown.

677

Woodruff D. Money Unmade: Barter and the Fate of Russian Capitalism. — Cornell University Press, 1999.

678

Российский статистический ежегодник. — 1997. — С. 535; and Gaddy C. Statement to the House Committee on International Relations. Hearings on U.S. — Russian Relations before House Committee on International Relations, 105 Cong. 2 sess., July 16, 1998.

679

Blasi J., Kriumova M. and Kruse D. Kremlin Capitalism: Privatizing the Russian Economy. — Cornell University Press, 1997.

680

Buckberg E. and Pinto B. How Russia Is Becoming a Market Economy. Unpublished manuscript. — September 1997.

681

After the Fall Was Over. Business Russia, June 1998. — P. 1 (Economist Intelligence Unit) (eiu.com); an Debra Javeline, Protest and Politics of Blame: The Russian Response to Unpaid Wages (University of Michigan Press, 2002).

682

Kahn J. and O'Brien T.L. Easy Money: A Special Report: For Russia and Its U.S. Bankers, Match Wasn't Made in Haven // New York Times. — October 18, 1998. — P. 1; and Khara, Pinto, and Ulanov. An Analysis of Russia's 1998 Meltdown. — P. 4.

683

Hoffman. The Oligarchs. — P. 470; Aslund A. Building Capitalism: The Trans formation of the Former Soviet Block. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. — P. 409; также: Деньги и кредит. — 1998. — № 10. — С. 43.

684

Hoffman, The Oligarchs. — P. 469.

685

Illarionov A. The Roots of the Economic Crisis // Journal of Democracy. — Vol. 10 (Spring 1999). — H. 75.

686

Stone R. Lending Credibility: The International Monetary Fund and the Post-Communist Transition. — Princeton University Press, 2002. — P. 153-158; Деньги и кредит. — 1998. — No 10. — С. 43; Алексашенко. Битва за рубль. — С. 109; and Russia's Challenges in the 1990s: An Interview with Martin Gilman of the IMF. — December 3, 2002 (www.washprofile.org).

687

Константинов Ю.А. и Ильинский А.И. Финансовый кризис: причины и преодоление. — М.: ЗАО «Финстатинформ», 1999. — С. 44; Попов В. Уроки валютного кризиса в России и других странах // Вопросы экономики. — Июнь 1999. — № 6. — С. 101. On the worldwide crisis, see Blustein P. The Chastening: Inside the Crisis that Rocked the Global Financial System and Humbled the IMF (Public Affairs, 2001).

688

Freeland Ch. Sale of the Century. — P. 297; Алексашенко. Битва за рубль. — С. 108-110; General Accounting Office, Foreign Assistance International Efforts to Aid Russia's Transition Have Had Mixed Results. — P. 46; and Thornhill J. IMF and Russia in a New Loan Accord // Financial Times. — 1998. — July 8. — P. 2.

689

Stiglitz J. Globalization and Its Discontent. — Basic Books, 2002. — P. 145.

690

Cooper W. The Russian Financial Crisis: An Analysis of trends, Causes, and Implications, report for Congress 98-578. — February 18, 1999 (ncseonline.org/ NLE/CRSreports/international/inter-16.cfm [July 2003]).

691

См.: Илларионов А. Удалось ли Чубайсу обмануть президента России? // Известия. — 1998. — 21 марта; Илларионов А. «Эффективность» бюджетной политики в России в 1994-1997 годах // Вопросы экономики. — 1998. — № 2. — С. 22-36; and Illarionov A. Financial Crisis in Russia, presentation to Aspen Institute Conference. — Budapest, August 21, 1998.

692

Interview with Mark Medish. В период кризиса сторонники российских реформ на Западе придерживались аналогичных взглядов. См., например: Aslund A. Don't Devalue Ruble // Moscow Times. — July 7, 1998.

693

Интервью с Дмитрием Васильевым. Конечно, вопрос о том, были ли эти реформы, в первую очередь массовая приватизация, «успехом», требует отдельного рассмотрения. Точку зрения скептиков см.: McFaul M. State Power, Institutional Change, and the Politics of Privatization in Russia // World Politics. — Vol. 47 (January 1995). — P. 210-243; and Black В., Kraakman R. and Tarasova A. Russian Privatization and Corporate Governance: What Went Wrong? // Stanford Law Review. — Vol. 52 (July 2002). — P. 1731-1808.

694

Robbins C.A. and Liesman S. How an Aid Program Vital to New Economy of Russia Collapsed // Wall Street Journal. — August 13, 1997. — P. 1, 6.

695

Cited in David Marcus. U.S. Halts Harvard Contracts in Russia // Boston Globe. — May 21, 1997. — P. A1.

696

Выдержки из письма Чубайса администратору AMP Брайану Атвуду от 19 мая 1997 года см. в: Reddaway P. Beware the Russian Reformer: While the U.S. Depends on Chubais, Accusations Fly in Moscow // Washington Post. — August 24, 1997. — P. C1.

697

Interview with Brian Atwood.

698

Interview with David Lipton.

699

Interview with Lipton.

700

Lopez-Claros. The Role of International Financial Institutions during the transition in Russia. — P. 18; Blustein. The Chastening. — P. 243; and Stone. Lending Credibility.

701

Interview with Boris Fyodorov.

702

Stiglitz J. Globalization and Its Discontents. — Norton and Company, 2002. — P. 149.

703

Относительно ограниченных возможностей Фонда в тот период см.: Blustein P. IMF Battens Down for More 111 Wind: Fund Keeps Weather Eye on Risk Spots // Washington Post. — July 29, 1998. — P. A16; Senator Faircloth L. Unwise Bailouts: The Clinton administration has effectively privatized the lenders' profits and socialized their losses // Washington Post. — December 12, 1997. — P. A29; and Shultz G., Simon W. and Riston W. Who Needs IMF // Wall Street Journal. — February 3, 1998. — P. A22.