Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»

• Название: Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
• Автор: Джеймс Голдгейер
• Издательство: Международные отношения
• Жанр: Политика
• Год: 2009
• ISBN: 978-5-7133-1350-0

Как формировалась внешняя политика США по отношению к России в 90-е годы XX века? В чем видела свои интересы в разваливающемся Советском Союзе правящая американская элита и правильно ли оценивала ситуацию? Какие были совершены ошибки и почему? На эти вопросы на основании широкого спектра источников, бесед с известными политическими деятелями, личных наблюдений пытаются найти ответ авторы нашумевшей в США книги.

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765

Who Lost Russia? // New York Post. — September 24, 2000.

766

Ignatius D. Who Robbed Russia? // Washington Post. — August 25, 1999. — P. A17.

767

Weinberger С Historical Solutions Would Have Worked Better, remarks in «Who Lost Russia?» // Heritage Lectures. — No. 629. — January 8, 1999.

768

Lapidus G. Transforming Russia: American Policy in the 1990s. — In: Lieber R. Eagle Adrift: American Foreign Policy at the End of the Century (Longman, 1997). — P. 130.

769

U.S. — Russian Relations at the Turn of the Century (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000). — P. 19-20.

770

Graham Т.Е. A World with Russia? paper presented at Jamestown Foundation Conference. — June 9, 1999. — P. 1.

771

См. также: Илларионов А. Как был организован российский финансовый кризис //Вопросы экономики. — № 11, ноябрь 1998. — С. 20-35; and Illarionov A. Russia and IMF, statements prepared for the General Oversight and Investigation Subcommittee of the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services, Hearing to Examine the Russian Economic Crisis and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Aid Package. — September 10, 1998. — 105 Cong. 2 sess. Западные специалисты приводили подобные аргументы, см.: Slay B. Russia and the IMF: Economic Choises and Political Will // Russian Business Watch. — Vol. 7 (Summer 1999). — P. 1, 16-20; McFaul M. Getting Russia Right // Foreign Policy. — No 117 (Winter 1999-2000) (www.foreignpolicy.com).

772

Hedlund, Russia and the IMF. — P. 104-136.

773

Simes D.K. Russia's Crisis, America's Complicity // National Interest. — No. 54 (Winter 1998-1999). — P. 12-22; Reddaway P. and Glinski D. The Tragedy of Russia's Reforms: Market Bolshevism against Democracy. — Washington: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2001.

774

On the first school, see Stone, Lending Credibility. On the second school, see: Aslund, Building Capitalism. On the third school, см.: Илларионов А. Инфляция и антиинфляционная политика.

775

The FDI figures were reported in Kahn and O'Brien, Easy Money: A Special Report.

776

Lapidus. Transforming Russia: American Policy in 1990s. — P. 130.

777

Simes D. After the Collapse: Russia Seeks Its Place as a Great Power (Simon and Schuster, 1999); Cohen S. Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia (W.W. Norton, 2000).

778

Simes. Russia's Crisis, America's Complicity. — P. 12-22.

779

Blank S. Partners in Discord Only // Orbis. — Vol. 44 (Fall 2000). — P. 557-570.

780

David Lipton testimony before the House Banking General Oversight Committee and Investigation Subcommittee on Russia, 105 Cong. 2 sess. — September 10, 1998.

781

Talbott S. Gogol's Troika: the Case for Strategic Patience in a Time of Troubles, address at Stanford University. — November 6, 1998.

782

David Lipton, testimony before the House Banking General Oversight Committee and Investigation Subcommittee on Russia.

783

U.S. Policy toward Russia: Foundations, Achievements, and Continuing Agenda, document sent to McFaul from David Levy, National Security Council, Office of Public Affairs and Communications, September 17, 1999. — P. 2.

784

Lawrence Summers, testimony before House International Relations Committee on Russia, 105 Cong. 2 sess. — September 17, 1998.

785

Interview with Atwood.

786

Madeleine Albright, address to the U.S. — Russian Business Council, Chicago Illinois, October 2, 1998 and Lippman, Turmoil, Drift in Russia Prompts U.S. Policy Shift, Flexibility, Recognition of Limits Mark New Approach. — P. A27.

787

Summers L. The Global Stake in Russian Economic Reform, speech to the U.S. — Russia Business Council, April 1, 1997.

788

Lippman. Turmoil, Drift in Russia Prompts U.S. Policy Shift, Flexibility, Recognition of Limits Mark New Approach. — P. A27.

789

Madeleine Albright, address to the U.S. — Russian Business Council.

790

Talbott, Gogol's Troika: the Case for Strategic Patience in a Time of Troubles.

791

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 286.

792

Tarnoff С U.S. Bilateral Assistance to Russia, 1992-2001. — In: Russia's Uncertain Economic Future, compendium of papers submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Government Printing Office, December 2001). — P. 381.

793

Interview with George Ingram.

794

U.S. Policy toward Russia Foundations, Achievements, and Continuing Agenda. — P. 2.

795

Madeleine Albright, address to the U.S. — Russia Business Council; and Albright address to Carnegie Endowment.

796

Strobe Talbott, deputy secretary of state, «Russia: Its Current Troubles and Its Ongoing Transformations», prepared testimony before the House International Committee, 106 Cong, 1 sess. — October 19, 1999. — P. 5.

797

Fisher S. What Went Wrong in Russia // Financial Times. — September 27, 1999. — P. 26.

798

Albright, address to the U.S. — Russia Business Council.

799

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 287.

800

Excerpts from Clinton's Remarks: «You Have to Play by the Rules // New York Times. — September 2, 1998. — P. A10.

801

Talbott. The Russia Hand. — P. 286.

802

Albright, address to the U.S. — Russia Business Council; and interview with Lipton.

803

См.: Примаков Е. Восемь месяцев плюс, С. 129-144.

804

Interview with Talbott.

805

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 296.

806

IMF Says Russia Managing Well without IMF Loans // Reuters. — September 8, 2000.

807

Aslund A. Go Long on Russia // International Economy. — July-August 2002. — P. 38-39. Серьезную критическую оценку долгосрочных уроков, извлеченных из событий августа 1998 года, см.: Gaddy С. and Ickes В., Russia's Virtual Economy (Brookings, 2002). — Chap. 9.

808

См. обобщенное изложение Путиным этих достижений в выступлении на встрече Всемирного экономического форума в России 30 октября 2001 г.

809

Aslund A. and Boone P. Russia's Surprise Economic Success // Financial Times. — October 9, 2001. — P. 13. On specific sectors, see: Further Expansion of Manufacturing Economy Recorded as Demand Rises Sharply // Moscow Narodny Purchasing Manager's Index. — May 1, 2001. — P. 1.

810

Brunswick UBS Warburg, Russia Equity Guide 2000/2001. — P. 21.

811

См., например, совпадающие оценки различных аналитиков в: Sapir J. The Russian Economy from Rebound to Rebuilding // Post-Soviet Affairs. — Vol. 17. — January-March 2002. — P. 1-22; Millar J. The Russian Economy: Putin's Pause // Current History. — October 2001. — P. 336-42; and Gaddy and Ickes. Russia's Virtual Economy' and Aslund, Building Capitalism.

812

Remarks by Stephen Sestanovich, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. — February 21, 2001.

813

RFE/RL, Newsline. — Vol. 5. — No. 229. — Part 1. — December 5, 2001.

814

Halberstam D. War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton and the Generals (Scribner, 2001).

815

Интервью со Строубом Тэлботтом.

816

McFaul M. Russia's Many Foreign Policies // Демократизация. — Т. 7 (лето 1999 г.). — С. 393-412.

817

Mandelbaum M. A Perfect Failure // Foreign Affairs. — Vol. 78. — Septembe-October 1999. — P. 2-8; а также Nye J. Redefining the National Interest // Foreign Affairs. — Vol. 78. — July-August 1999. — P. 22-35.

818

Yeltzin B. Midnight Diaries, trans, by Catherine Fitzpatrick // Public Affairs, 2000. — C. 255.

819

Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries. — P. 225.

820

Дополнительно о причинах войны см.: Daalder I. H. and O'Hanlon M.E. Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo (Brookings, 2000).

821

Talbott S. The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy. — P. 300.

822

См.: Daalder I.H. and O'Hanlon M.E. Winning Ugly. — P. 45-49.

823

Ibid.; and Halberstam, War in a Time of Peace.

824

Интервью с рядом американских и других западных деятелей, в том числе с советником А. Гора по национальной безопасности Леоном Фертом и пресс-секретарем НАТО Джеми Шеа.

825

Interviews with James Steinberger and Leon Fuerth.

826

Interview with Alexander Vershbow; Daalder and O'Hanlon, Winning Ugly. — P. 91; LippmanT.W. Albright Misjudged Milosevich on Kosovo // Washington Post. — September 21, 1999. — P. Al, 16.

827

Interview with Talbott and John Bass.

828

Interview with Madeleine Albright, Newshour transcript (www.pbs.or&/ newshour/bb/europe/jan-june 99/albright_3-24html[July 2003]. Точку зрения M. Олбрайт на продолжительности войны см. также: Lipman M. «Albright Misjudged Milosevic on Kosovo», p. Al.

829

Yeltsin. Midnight Diaries. — P. 257.

830

Относительно продолжительности разговора см.: Информация для прессы by Joe Lockhart, The Briefing Room, White House, March 24, 1999; это воспоминание из интервью Эндрю Уайса. Его воспоминания совпадают с тем, что пишет Тэлботт в The Russia Hand. — P. 305.

831

Примаков Е. Восемь месяцев плюс… — М.: Мысль. — С. 148.

832

Interview with Fuerth.

833

Примаков принял решение развернуть самолет, и Ельцин это одобрил. См.: Примаков Е. Восемь месяцев плюс… — М.: Мысль. — С. 152; Talbott. The Russia Hand. — P. 310.