Роберт Бартлетт - Становление Европы: Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры. 950 — 1350 гг.

• Название: Становление Европы: Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры. 950 — 1350 гг.
• Автор: Роберт Бартлетт
• Издательство: РОССПЭН
• Жанр: История
• Год: 2007
• ISBN: 978-5-8243-0852-5

Роберт Бартлетт — профессор-медиевист в Университете Сент-Эндрю. До 1992 года был профессором истории средних веков Чикагского университета, а ранее преподавал в Эдинбургском университете. Он получал образование в университетах Кембриджа, Оксфорда и Принстона, занимался исследовательской работой в Мичиганском университете, научных центрах Принстонского университета — Институте углубленных исследований и Центре Шелби Каллом Дэвис, а также в Геттингенском университете. Среди более ранних публикаций — труды Gerald of Wales, 1146-1223: Trial by Fire and Water: The Medieval Judicial Ordeal; Medieval Frontier Societies (в качестве соредактора).

Профессор Бартлетт женат, имеет двух детей.

Книга «Становление Европы» в 1993 году удостоена Вульфсоновской премии по истории.

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85

Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii 1.5, ed. Pontieri, p. 9.

86

Orderic Vitalis, Historia ecclesiastica 3, ed. Chibnall, 2, p. 98.

87

Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana, RHC, Occ. 3, pp. 717–882, at p. 728.

88

См.: Jack Goody, The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (Cambridge, 1983), p. 44.

89

О структуре аристократического рода см.: Karl Schmid, 'Zur Problematik von Familie, Sippe und Geschlecht, Haus und Dinastie beim mittelalterlichen Ariel', Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 105 (1957), pp. 1–62; idem, 'The Structure of the Nobility in the Earlier Mddle Ages', in Timothy Reuter (ed.). The Medieval Nobility (Amsterdam, etc., 1978), pp. 37–59; Georges Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 59–80, at pp. 68–75; for an attempt to extend the model to England see James С. Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family in Early Medieval England', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 32 (1982), pp. 193–212; 33 (1983), pp. 193–220; 34 (1984), pp. 1–25; 35 (1985), pp. 1–28, esp. 32 (1982), pp. 199–200; Karl Leyser, “The German Aristocracy from the Ninth to the Early Twelfth Century: A Historical and Cultural Sketch', Past and Present 41 (1968), pp. 25–53, esp. pp. 32–6, Medieval Germany and its Neighbours (London, 1982), pp. 161–89, at pp. 168–72; Constance B. Bouchard, 'Family Structure and Family Consciousness among the Aristocracy in the Ninth to the Eleventh Centuries', Francia 14 (1987), pp. 639–58.

90

Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Erd in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980), title of chapter 1.

91

Prawer, Crusader Institutions, p. 24.

92

Glanvill, The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England commonly called Glanvill, ed. and tr. G.D.H. Hall (London, 1965), p. 75.

93

Assise au comte Geffroy 1, ed. Marcel Planiol, La tres ancienne coutume de Bretagne (Rennes, 1896, repr. Paris and Geneva, 1984), pp. 319–25, at pp. 321–2.

94

См.: London, British Library, Add. MS 11283, fols. 21v — 22. Автор выражает благодарность Венди Дэвис за сверку этой цитаты.

95

См.: Duby, 'Lineage, Nobility and Knighthood', p. 75; idem, “The Structure of Kinship and Nobility“, in his The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 134–48, at p. 148; idem. Early Growth of the European Economy, p. 171.

96

Lucien Musset, 'L'aristocratie normande au Xle siècle', in Philippe Contamine (ed.). La noblesse au Moyen Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 71–96, at p. 95.

97

См.: Holt, 'Feudal Society and the Family', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 32 (1982), p. 201.

98

Lorenz Weinrich (ed.), Quellen zur deutsche Verfassungs-.Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte bis 1250 (AQ 32, Darmstadt, 1977), no. 25, pp. 106–8.

99

См.: Graham Loud, 'How “Norman” was the Norman Conquest of Southern Italy?', Nottingham Medieval Studies 25 (1981), pp. 13–34, at p. 26.

100

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Harold E. Lurier, Crusaders as Conquerors (New York, 1964), pp. 125–8.

101

Hans К. Schulze, Adelsherrschaft und Landesherrschaft: Studien zur Verfassungs- und Besitzgeschichte der Altmark, des ostsachsischen Raumes und des hannoverschen Wendlandes im hohen Mittelalter (MF 29, Cologne and Graz, 1963).

102

A.J. Otway-Ruthven, A History of Medieval Ireland (2nd ed., London, 1980), pp. 102–3; eadem, 'Knight Service in Ireland', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 89 (1959), pp. 1–15.

103

Song of Dermot, lines 3206–7, ed. Orpen, p. 232.

104

О размерах бенефициев в Ирландии см.: Otway-Ruthven, History of Medieval Ireland, p. 105.

105

О денежных бенефициях в крестоносных государствах см.: Joshua Prawer, 'Social Classes in the Latin Kingdom: The Franks', in Kenneth Setton (ed.), A History of the Crusades (Philadelphia and Madison, 6 vols., 1955–89) 5: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East, ed. Norman Zacour and Harry Hazard, pp. 117–92, at p. 135.

106

Frank Stenton, The First Century of English Feudalism 1066–1166 (2nd ed., Oxford, 1961), p. 166.

107

См. об этом: Англия и Нормандия — Thomas К. Keefe, Feudal Assessments and the Political Community under Henry II and His Sons (Berkeley, etc., 1983), pp. 42, 141; Шампань — Theodore Evergates, 'The Aristocracy of Champagne in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Quantitative Description', Journal of Interdisciplinary History 5 (1974–5), pp. 1–18; Иерусалим — Alan V. Murray, 'The Origins of the Frankish Nobility in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1118', Mediterranean Historical Review 4/2 (1989), pp. 281–300, at pp. 281–2; Jean Richard, 'Les listes des seigneuries dans le livre de Jean d'Ibelin', Revue historique de droit frangais et etranger 32 (1954), pp. 565–77.

108

AJ. Otway-Ruthven, 'Knights' Fees in Kildare, Leix and Offaly', Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 91 (1961), pp. 163–81, at p. 164, n.10.

109

Catalogue baronum, ed. Evelyn Jamison (Fonti per la storia d'ltalia 101, Rome, 1972); see, in general, Claude Cahen, Le regime feodale d'ltalie normande (Paris, 1940).

110

L'estoire d'Eracles empereur et la congueste de la terre d'Outremer, RHC, Occ. 2, pp. 1–481, at pp. 188–90 (note); La continuation de Guillaume de Тут (1184–1197) 136, ed. Margaret R. Morgan (Documents relatifs a l'histoire des croisades 14, Paris, 1982), p. 139 (cf. also p. 138); Peter Edbury, The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 1191–1374 (Cambridge, 1991), chapter 3, 'Settlement'.

111

Barrow, Anglo-Norman Era, pp. 132, 44 and n. 59, 40, 62, 127.

112

Early Scottish Charters prior to 1153, ed. Archibald С Lawrie (Glasgow, 1905), no. 186, p. 150.

113

Gervase of Tilbury, Otia imperialia 2.10, ed. G.W. Leibnitz, Schptores rerum brunsvicensium illusi ratio ni inservientes (3 vols., Hanover, 1707–11) 1, pp. 881–1004; 2, pp. 751–84; at 1, p. 917, with better readings at 2, p. 772.

114

См.: К. Schunemann, Die Deutsche in Ungam bis zum 12. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1923), p. 130.

115

См.: (Contributions to a) Dictionary of the Irish language (Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 1913–76), s.v. Polish and Czech loan words: Perry Anderson, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism (London, 1974), p. 231.

116

См.: Cahen, Regime feodale, p. 47.

117

J.F.A. Mason, 'Roger de Montgomery and his Sons (1067–1102)', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 13 (1963), pp. 1–28, at pp. 6–12.

118

Murray, 'Origins of the Frankish Nobility', p. 293.

119

Erik Fügedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Konigreich Ungam als Gastland', in Walter Schlesinger (ed.). Die deutsche Ostsiedlung als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 471–507, at pp. 495–6.

120

См.: Robert I. Burns, Islam under the Crusaders: Colonial Survival in the Thirteenth-Century Kingdom of Valencia (Princeton, 1973), ос. Гл. 13.

121

См.: Barrow, Anglo-Norman Era, pp. 157–8.

122

См.: Fügedi, 'Das mittelalterliche Königreich Ungam', pp. 495–6.

123

См.: William Rees, South Wales and the March 1284–1415 (Oxford, 1924), pp. 145–7; Cahen, Regime feodale, pp. 38–9, 82–9; OtwayRuthven, 'Knight Service', pp. 14–15.

124

Amatus of Montecassino, Storia de' Normanni 1.42, ed. de Bartholomaeis, pp. 53–4.

125

Bemhard Guttmann, 'Die Germanisierung der Slawen in der Mark', Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preussischen Geschichte 9 (1897), pp. 39 (395) — 158 (514), at p. 70 (426).

126

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 3.37, ed. Hagenmeyer, p. 748.

127

Henri Bresc, 'Feodalite coloniale en terre d'Islam: La Sièile (1070–1240)', in Structures feodales et feodalisme dans l'Occident mediterraneen (XeXIIIe s.) (Paris, 1980), pp. 631–47, p. 640.

128

Chronicle of Morea, tr. Lurier, p. 165.

129

Об истории рода де Ласи см.: W.E. Wightman, The Lacy Family in England and Normandy 1066–1194 (Oxford, 1966).

130

Davies, Conquest, Coexistence and Change, p. 181.

131

См.: Bartlett, 'Colonial Aristocracies', pp. 38–40.

132

См.: Lacarra, nos. 354, 366.

133

Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Costilla en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 897, pp. 567–8.

134

См.: Helbig & Weinrich 1, no. 121, pp. 448–50; Queden (Klein Queden) is the German Tiefenau and modem Polish Tychnowy.

135

Codex iuris Bohemici, ed. Hermenegild Jiricek (5 vols, in 12, Prague, 1867–98), 2/2, p. 114 (Majestas Carolina 7).

136

The Leiden Book of Maccabees is Leiden, University Library, MS Perizoni 17; репродукции см.: A. Merton, Die Buchmalerei in St. Gallen (Leipzig, 1912), plates LV — LVTI.

137

Frank Stenton et al,. The Bayeux Tapestry (London, 1957); см. также: Ibid, 'Arms and Armour', pp. 56–69.

138

Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicon 4.12, ed. Werner Trillmich (АО 9, Darmstadt, 1957), p. 126.

139

Lacarra, no. 238 (c. 1145); Gerald of Wales (Giraldius Cambrensuis), De principis instructione 2.13, in J.S.Brewer, J.F.Dimock and G.F.Warner (eds.), Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 8, pp. 183–4.

140

См.: Indiculus loricatorum, in Constitutions et acta publico imperatorum et regum 1, ed. Ludwig Weiland (MCH, Hanover, 1893), no. 436, pp. 632–3; Karl Ferdinand Werner, 'Heeresorganisation und Kriegfuhrung im Deutschen Königreich des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts', in Ordinamenti militari in Occidente nell'alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 15, 2 vols., Spoleto, 1968) 2, pp. 791–843.