Роберт Бартлетт - Становление Европы: Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры. 950 — 1350 гг.

• Название: Становление Европы: Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры. 950 — 1350 гг.
• Автор: Роберт Бартлетт
• Издательство: РОССПЭН
• Жанр: История
• Год: 2007
• ISBN: 978-5-8243-0852-5

Роберт Бартлетт — профессор-медиевист в Университете Сент-Эндрю. До 1992 года был профессором истории средних веков Чикагского университета, а ранее преподавал в Эдинбургском университете. Он получал образование в университетах Кембриджа, Оксфорда и Принстона, занимался исследовательской работой в Мичиганском университете, научных центрах Принстонского университета — Институте углубленных исследований и Центре Шелби Каллом Дэвис, а также в Геттингенском университете. Среди более ранних публикаций — труды Gerald of Wales, 1146-1223: Trial by Fire and Water: The Medieval Judicial Ordeal; Medieval Frontier Societies (в качестве соредактора).

Профессор Бартлетт женат, имеет двух детей.

Книга «Становление Европы» в 1993 году удостоена Вульфсоновской премии по истории.

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141

Forge production: Fino, 'Notes sur la production du fer'.

142

William Beveridge, Prices and Wages m England 1 (London, 1939), pp. xxv — xxvi.

143

См.: William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi ducis Normannorum 1.13, 40, ed. Raymonde Foreville (Paris, 1952), pp. 26, 98; Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Henry R. Luard (7 vols., RS, 1872–84), 4, pp. 135–6; see in general R.H.C. Davis, The Medieval Warhorse (London, 1989).

144

Pierre Chaplais (ed.). Diplomatic Documents preserved in the Public Record Office 1:1101–1272 (Oxford, 1964), pp. 1–4.

145

См.: Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages (Eng. tr., Oxford, 1984), p. 670.

146

P. Guilhiermoz, Essai sur l'origine de la noblesse en France au Moyen Age (Paris, 1902); George Duby, “The Origins of Knighthood', The Chivalrous Society (Eng. tr., London and Berkeley, 1977), pp. 158–70; idem, 'La diffusion du titre chevaleresque', in Philippe Contamine (ed.). La noblesse au Moyen Age (Paris, 1976), pp. 39–70; Arno Borst (ed.). Das Rittertum im Mittelalter (Wege der Forschung 349, Darmstadt, 1976); Leopold Genicot, La noblesse dans I'Occident medieval (London, 1982); Jean Fiori, L'essor de la chevalerie (Geneva, 1986), L'ideologie du glaive: Prehistoire de la chevalerie (Geneva, 1983).

147

William of Poitiers, Gesta Guillelmi 2.29, ed. Foreville, p. 218.

148

О боевых конях см.: Davis, The Medieval Warhorse

149

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Itinerarium Kambriae 1.4, in J.S. Brewer, J.F. Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861–91) 6, pp. 1–152, at p. 54.

150

См.: Richer, Historiae 2.92; 3.98, 104, ed. R. Latouche, Histoire de France (2 vols., Paris, 1930–37) 1, p. 282; 2, pp. 126, 134; J.F. Fino, Forteresses de la France medievale (3rd ed., Paris, 1977), p. 89; Paris BN lat. 12, 302, Haimo of Auxerre's Commentary on Ezekiel.

151

Anna Comnena, Alexiad 10.8.5, ed. B. Leib (3 vols., Paris, 1937–45), 2, pp. 217–18.

152

Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta, ed. J. Alberigo et al. (3rd ed., Bologna, 1973), p. 203 (canon 29).

153

Constitutions et acta publico imperatorum et regum 2, ed. Ludwig Wetland (MCH, Hanover, 1896), no. 335, p. 445.

154

B. Thordemann, Armour from the Battle of Wisby 1361 (2 vols., Stockholm, 1939) 1, pp. 186–7.

155

Roger of Wendover, Flores historiarum, ed. H.G. Hewlett (3 vols., RS, 1886–9), 2, pp. 116, 151, 194, 212, 215–16; this material was incorporated into Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Luard, 2, pp. 586–7, 626, 666; 3, pp. 18, 21.

156

E. Audouin, Essai sur l'armee royale au temps de Philippe Auguste (Paris, 1913), pp. 113–14.

157

Red Book of the Exchequer, ed. Hubert Hall (3 vols., RS, 1896), 2, pp. 458–9, 467; J.H. Round, The King's Serjeants and Officers of State (London, 1911), pp. 13–14.

158

Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis, ed. H. Markgraf and J.W. Schulte (Codex diplomaticus Silesiae 14, Breslau, 1889), pp. 14–15.

159

Hariulf, Gesta ecclesiae Centulensis 4.21, ed. F. Lot, Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-Riquier (Paris, 1894), p. 230.

160

Otto of Freising, Gesta Friderici I imperatoris 1.12, ed. Georg Waitz and Bemhard von Simson (SRC, Hanover and Leipzig, 1912), p. 28.

161

J.P. Bushe-Fox, Old Sarum (London, etc., 1930).

162

G. Fournier, Le peuplement rural en Basse Auverqne durant le haut Moyen Aqe (Paris, 1962), pp. 329–99.

163

Atlas vorqeschichtlicher Befestigungen in Niedersachsen, ed. A. von Opperman and C. Schuchhardt (Hanover, 1888–1916), pp. 67–8, fig. 53.

164

Karl Wilhelm Strave, 'Die slawischen Burgen in Wagrien', Offa 17–18 (1959–61), pp. 57–108, at pp. 61, 99–100.

165

К рис. 2: бурги — С. A. Ralegh Radford, 'Later Pre-Conquest Boroughs and their Defences', Medieval Archaeology 14 (1970), pp. 83–103; Aggersborg — David M. Wilson, 'Danish Kings and England in the Late 10th and Early 11th Centuries — Economic Implications', in Proceedings of the Battle Conference on Anglo-Norman Studies 3 (1980), ed. R. Allen Brown, pp. 188–96, at pp. 192–3; славянские крепости Barpuu — Struve, 'Die slawischen Burgen', p. 60; австрийские замки — W. Getting and G. Griill, Burgen in Oberosterreich (Wels, 1967), p. 317 (figures for Hauptburg); мотт — Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 44.

166

Sidney Painter, 'English Castles in the Early Middle Ages: Their Numbers, Location, and Legal Position, Speculum 10 (1935), pp. 321–32, at p. 322; C. Warren Hollister, The Military Organization of Norman England (Oxford, 1965), p. 138; Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 46.

167

Lawrence of Durham, Dialogi 1, lines 367–8, ed. James Raine (Surtees Society 70, 1880 for 1878), p. 11.

168

Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p. 44. Были, разумеется, и более крупные, см.: A Hermbrodt, 'Stand der frühmittelalterlichen Mottenforschung im Rheinland', Chateau Gaillard 1 (1964 for 1962), pp. 77–100, at p. 8i; H.W. Heine, 'Ergebnisse und Probleme einer systematischen Aufnahme und Bearbeitung mittelalterlicher Wehranlagen zwischen junger Donau und westlichen Bodensee', ibid. 8 (1976), pp. 121–34, at p. 126.

169

Vita Ludovici Grossi regis 24 (Crecy), 19 (Le Puiset), 18 (Mantes), 3, ed. H. Waquet (Paris, 1929), pp. 176, 140, 124, 20.

170

Alpert of Metz, De diversitate temporum 2.2, ed. Hans van Rij and Anna Sapir Abulafia (Amsterdam, 1980), pp. 42–4.

171

Bruno, De bello Saxonico liber 16, 27, ed. H.E. Lohmann (MGH, Deutsches Mittelalter 2, Leipzig, 1937), pp. 22, 31.

172

См.: Maurice Beresford, New Towns of the Middle Ages (London, 1967), pp. 172 (fig. 40), 425.

173

Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, MGH, SS 30/1 (Hanover, 1896), pp. 490–656, at pp. 518–21; Hans Patze and Walter Schlesinger, Geschichte Türingens 2/1 (MF 48, Cologne and Vienna, 1974), pp. 10–13.

174

R.A. Brown, H.M. Colvin and AJ. Taylor, The History of the King's Works: The Middle Ages (2 vols., London, 1963) 1, pp. 64–5, 113; 2, pp. 630, 1023, 1029.

175

Michael Prestwich, War, Politics and Finance under Edward I (London, 1972), p. 160.

176

T.F. Tout. «The fair of Lincoln and the “Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal”», Collected Papers (3 vols., Manchester, 1932–4) 2, pp. 191–220, at pp. 218–20; Lynn White, Medieval Technology and Social Change (Oxford, 1962), p. 102; J.F. Fino, 'Machines de jet medievales’, Gladius 10 (1972), pp. 25–3; D.R. Hill, Trebuchets', Viator 4 (1973), pp. 99–114.

177

См.; Hans R. Hahnloser, Villard de Honnecourt: Kritische Gesamtausgabe des Bauhüttenbuches ms. fr. 19093 der Pariser Nationalbibliothek (2nd ed., Graz, 1972), pp. 159–62; The Sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt, ed. Theodore Bowie (Bloomington, 1959), plate 61.

178

Annales Pegavienses, ed. George Hemrich Pertz, MGH, SS 16 (Hanover, 1859), pp. 232–70, at p. 264.

179

Littere Wallie, ed. John Goronwy Edwards (Cardiff, 1940), no. 3, pp. 7–8 (Treaty of Woodstock).

180

Katharine Simms, 'Warfare in the Medieval Gaelic Lordships', The Irish Sword 12 (1975–6), pp. 98–108; Peter Harbison, 'Native Irish Arms and Armour m Medieval Gaelic Literature, 1170–1600', ibid., pp. 173–99, 270–84.

181

Herbord, Dialogus de vita sancti Ottonis episcopi Babenbergensis 2.23, ed. Jan Wikarjak and Kazimierz Liman, MPH, n.s., 7/3 (Warsaw, 1974), pp. 101–2.

182

Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century (Oxford, 1992).

183

Francesco Gabrieli (ed.), Arab Historians of the Crusades (Eng. tr. Berkeley and London, 1969), p. 58 (Ibn al-Qalanisi).

184

Elena Lourie, 'A Society Organized for War: Medieval Spain', Past and Present 35 (1966), pp. 54–76, at p. 69.

185

Ambroise, L'estone de la guerre sainte, lines 6816–18, ed. Gaston Paris (Paris, 1897), col. 182.

186

Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Costilla en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 705, pp. 247–9 (1201); Emilio Saez (ed.), 'Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer у Yebenes', Anuario de bistorta del derecho espanol 18 (1947), pp. 432–41, at p. 435; Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Costilla la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975–6) 2, p. 350, n. 169.

187

Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 1.34, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 342.

188

Chronicon Livoniae 1.5–9, 9.3, 15.3, 10.8, 15.3, 10.12, 23.8, 14.11, 10.12, 26.3, 27.3, 28.3J, 11.8, 12.1, 27.3, 28.3, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert Bauer (АО 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 4–6, 38, 134, 54, 132, 58, 242, 126, 60, 282, 298, 304, 80, 84, 296, 304.

189

Gesta Stephani, ed. K.R. Potter and R.H.C. Davis (Oxford, 1976), p. 14.

190

Brut у Tywysogyon, или The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and tr. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), pp. 71–3.

191

Giolla Brighde Mac Con Midhe, Poems, ed. and tr. N.JA Williams (Irish Texts Society 51, Dublin, 1980) XIII, 20, p. 141.

192

Annals of Loch Cé, ed. and tr. William M. Hennessy (2 vols., RS, 1871), 1, p. 389.

193

History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, ed. and tr. Arthur Jones (Manchester, 1910), p. 133.

194

Brut у Tywysogyon, ed. Jones, pp. 175, 177; Gerald of Wales, Itinerarium Kambriae, 2.6, ed. Brewer et al., p. 123; Richard A vent, Cestyll Tywysogion Gwynedd / Castles of the Princes of Gwynedd (Cardiff, 1983), p. 7.