Крис Огилви-Геральд - Проклятие Тутанхамона

• Название: Проклятие Тутанхамона
• Автор: Крис Огилви-Геральд
• Издательство: М.: Эксмо, 2010. — 544 с.: ил
• Жанр: Прочая научная литература
• Год: 2010
• ISBN: 978-5-699-41545-8

День 4 ноября 1922 года стал одним из величайших в истории мировой археологии. Именно тогда знаменитый египтолог Говард Картер и лорд Карнарвон, финансировавший раскопки, обнаружили гробницу фараона Тутанхамона, наполненную бесценными сокровищами Однако для членов экспедиции этот день стал началом кошмара. Люди, когда-либо спускавшиеся в усыпальницу, погибали один за другим. Газеты принялись публиковать невероятные материалы о древнем египетском демоне, мстящем археологам за осквернение гробницы…

В своей увлекательной книге известные исследователи исторических аномалий Коллинз и Огилви-Геральд подробно изложили хронологию открытия гробницы Тутанхамона и связанных с этим загадочных событий Основываясь на письмах и статьях знаменитых археологов, а также воспоминаниях очевидцев, авторы задаются сенсационным вопросом: не могли ли Говард Картер и лорд Карнарвон обнаружить в гробнице Тутанхамона некую взрывоопасную тайну, способную в случае огласки перевернуть сложившиеся взгляды на библейскую и мировую историю? И не могла ли эта тайна стать для первооткрывателей усыпальницы реальным проклятием — осуществляемым не мстительными богами Египта, а наемными убийцами на службе влиятельных политических сил, которым могла помешать неудобная правда?..

Andrew Collins, Chris Ogilvie-HeraldTUTANKHAMUN. THE EXODUS CONSPIRACY;TRUTH BEHIND ARCHAEOLOGY» S GREATEST MYSTERY
_{Перевод с английского кандидата филологических наук С.В.Головой и А.М.ГоловаОформление обложки художника Евгения Савченко}

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6Daily Express, 6 April 1923, p. 1.

7For instance, see Vandenberg, The Forgotten Pharaoh: The Discovery of Tutankhamun, 1978, p. 160.

8For instance, see Carnarvon, p. 126; Wynne, Behind the Mask of Tutankhamun, p. 134.

9Daily Express, 6 April 1923, p. 1.

10For those readers who possess a copy of Nicholas Reeves's superb book The Complete Tutankhamun, a photograph of the death certificate (currently on display at High-clere Castle) appears in a plate on Page 63, and the time of death is clearly visible.

11Mahdy, Tutankhamun: The Life and Death of a Boy King, p. 130.

12Vandenberg, 1978, p. 161.

13Ibid.

14Carnarvon, p. 127.

15Ibid.

16'Egyptian collectors in a panic: Sudden rush to hand over their treasures to museums: Groundless fears», Daily Express, 7 April 1923, p. 1.

17Ibid.

18Ibid.

19Brackman, p. 113.

20Ibid.

21Ibid., p. 114.

22Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 227.

23Ibid.

24Ibid.

25Vandenberg, The Curse of the Pharaohs, 1973, p. 19-

25Ibid.

27Ibid.

28A letter from Herbert E Winlock, assistant curator of Egyptology at the Metropolitan Museum, New York, to its director Edward Robinson, 28 March 1923, quoted in Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 82. See also James, Howard Carter: The Path to Tutankhamun, p. 218, who quotes the first paragraph.

29Carter, The Tomb of Tut.ankhAmen, II, p. xxv.

30See Lucas, «The Chemistry of the Tomb, in Carter, II, pp. 162-88.

31Ibid., -II, p. 165.

32Ibid., II, pp. 165-6.

33Ibid., II, p. 166.

34Vandenberg, 1973, p. 157.

35Ibid.

36Ibid.

37NBC television report, no screening date, c. 1990s.

38Hoving, p. 221.

ГЛАВА ОДИННАДЦАТАЯ. НАЛИЧИЕ ЯДА

1Quoted in Brackman, The Search for the Gold of Tutankhamen, p. 114.

2Morton, «Tragedy of Lord Carnarvon», Daily Express, 6 April 1923, p. 4.

3A number of Internet news sites posted articles on the discovery. For example see: http://www.egyptvoyager.com/ drhawass_findingthetomb_2.htm.

4Posted on various Internet news sites. For example see: http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/egyptmayor000523.html,

5Email from Michael Carmichael to Andrew Collins, dated 11 January 2002.

6Ibid.

7Letter from Arthur С. Mace to his wife Winifred, dated 4 March 1923, quoted in Lee…the grand piano came by camel: Arthur С Mace, the neglected Egyptologist, p. 109.

8Letter from Arthur С Mace to his wife Winifred, dated 4 March 1923, quoted in James, Howard Carter: The Path to Tutankhamun, p. 253.

9Letter from Arthur С Mace to Albert Lythgoe, dated 14 January 1927, from the Mace file at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, quoted in Lee, p. 138.

10Ibid.

11Ibid, pp. 139-40.

12Letter from Arthur С Mace to Albert Lythgoe, dated 14 January 1927, from the Mace file at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,quoted in ibid., p. 140.

13Letter from Arthur С Mace to Albert Lythgoe, dated 7 August 1927, from the Mace file at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, quoted in ibid.

14Ibid.

15Chris Ogilvie-Herald spoke at length with Christopher С Lee, the curator of the Paisley Museum in Scotland, during July 2001, who was unable to elaborate any further on the cause of Mace's arsenic poisoning.

16Email from Dorothy Arnold to Andrew Collins, dated

12 March 2002.

17Pearce, «Bangladesh's arsenic poisoning — who is to blame?» UNESCO Courier, January 2001.

18F. Hoefear, Histoire de la chimie, 1842,1, p. 226, quoted in Lucas, «Poisons in Ancient Egypt», JEA 24 (1938), pp. 198—9.

19Pliny, Natural History, XV, xiii, 45.

20Lucas, p. 198.

21Ibid., p. 199.

22Ibid., p. 199.

23Email from Michael Carmichael to Andrew Collins, dated 11 January 2002.

24See Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow.

25For further information on arsenic sulphate visit www. sis.gov.eg/pharo/html/immort03.htm.

26See Lucas, op cit.

27Harmon, «Oakland arsenic fears resurface», Detroit News, 12 March 1997.

28Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 221.

29Email from Michael Carmichael to Andrew'Collins, dated 11 January 2002.

ГЛАВА ДВЕНАДЦАТАЯ. ЛОКАУТ

1Carter, TutAnkhAmen, The Politics of Discovery, pp. 10–12. 2Ibid., p. 69.

3Ibid., p. 5.

4Ibid.

5Ibid., Appendix I, p. 133 6Ibid.

7Ibid., p. 134

8Carter and Mace, The Tomb ofTut.ankhAmen, II, p. 51.

9Ibid., II, p. 53.

10Carter, p. 99.

11Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 325.

ГЛАВА ТРИНАДЦАТАЯ. ГРАБИТЕЛИ ГРОБНИЦ

1Lucas, Notes on Some of the Objects from the Tomb of Tutankhamun», ASAE 41 (1942) pp. 136.

2Carter, The Tomb ofTut.ankhAmen, II, pp. 89–90.

3Ibid., II, p. 90.

4Lucas, p. 137.

5Ibid.

6Ibid, pp. 137-8.

7Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 350.

8Ibid.

9Ibid.

10Ibid., pp. 350—1.

11Ibid., p. 351.

12Ibid.

13Ibid.

14Ibid., p. 354.

15Ibid.

16Ibid., p. 352–353.

I7Ibid.

18Ibid., p. 350.

19Ibid., p. 352.

20Ibid.

21Ibid., p. 351.

22Ibid.

23Ibid., p. 356.

24See Harris, «Akhenaten and Nefernefruaten in the Tomb of Tutankhamun,» in Reeves, After Tufankhamun: Research and excavation in the Royal Necropolis at Thebes, p. 60. For information online concerning the Nelson-Atkins sequins go to http://echoesofeternity.umkc.edu/Sequins.htm

25Harris, p. 60.

26Hoving, p. 356.

27Ibid. p. 355.

28Reeves, The Complete Tutankhamun, pp. 96—7.

29Carter, III, p. 34.

30Hoving, p. 357.

31Ibid.

32Lee…the grand piano came by camel: Arthur C. Mace, the neglected Egyptologist, p. 100, from a conversation with Margaret Orr.

33'Cheiro» (Hamon), Real Life Stories: A Collection of Sensational Personal Experiences, p. 47.

34Ibid., p. 49–50.

35'Tragedy of the Hon. R Bethell. Death at his club. Tutankhamen curse recalled.», Daily Mail, 16 November 1929, p. 11.

36'Cheiro» (Hamon), p. 52, cf. Universal News Service press release on the death of Lord Westbury, February 1930.

37Ibid., p. 49.

38Ibid., p. 51.

39Daily Mail, 16 November 1929, p. 11.

40Tragedy of Lord Westbury. «I cannot stand any more horrors.» Pharoah's curse», Daily Express, 22 February 1930, pp. 1–2.

41Ibid, p. 1.

42See Hoving, pp. 27–37.

43Letter from Arthur Weigall to Howard Carter, dated 25 January 1923, to be found in the Carter Files, Department of Egyptian Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and quoted in James, Howard Carter: the Path to Tutankhamun, p. 242.

44James, pp. 242—3.

ГЛАВА ЧЕТЫРНАДЦАТАЯ. СКАНДАЛЬНЫЙ ДОКЛАД

1Кееdick, op. cit.

2The exact date of the exchange is not recorded in Keedick's memoirs.

3Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 311.

4Letter from Lord Carnarvon to Alan H Gardiner, dated 28 November 1922, quoted in Reeves and Taylor, Howard Carter: Before Tutankhamun, p. 141.

5Budge, Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism, and Egyptian Monotheism etc., pp. xviii — xix.

6Merton, «An Egyptian treasure: Great find at Thebes: Lord Carnarvon's long quest»; «Doctor Petrie's views: Unique finds», The Times, 30 November 1922, p. 13.

7'The Egyptian find: Lord Carnarvon's hopes: Difficulties of photography: The unopened chamber», The Times 18 December 1922, p. 14.

8Telegram from Howard Carter to Alan H Gardiner, date unknown, c. early December 1922, quoted in Vandenberg, The Forgotten Pharaoh, p. 125.

9'The Egyptian treasure: The importance of the find: Dr. A Gardiner's views», The Times 4 December 1922, p. 7.

10Carter and Mace, The Tomb of Tut.ankhAmen, I, p. viii.

11Carter and Mace, I, p. viii.

12Herbert, account of discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb (copy), c. 1922—3, British Library Manuscript Collection, RP 17991.

13Reeves, «Tutankhamun and his Papyri», GS 88 (1985), pp. 39–45.

14Ibid., p. 39.

15Ibid.

16Belzoni, Narrative, p. 235 f.; cf. Belzoni, Description of the Egyptian Tomb, 1821, 10, quoted in Ibid., p. 40.

17 List of Egyptian Antiquities belonging to Ну. Salt Esqr. forwarded to the British Museum, one of two MSS in the Department of Egyptian Antiquities, the British Museum, quoted in ibid, p. 40.

18Ibid., p. 40, cf. Arundale, Bonomi and Birch, Gallery, 47.

19Ibid., pp. 40—1. The item in question is British Museum No. EA882.

20Ibid, pp. 40, 44 n. 14.

21Reeves and Taylor, Howard Carter: Before Tutankhamun, p. 18.

22Reeves, 1985, p. 41.

23Reeves, The Complete Tutankhamun, 1995, p. 129.

24Budge, p. xii.

25Brackman, The Search for the Gold of Tutankhamen, p. 180.

26Hoving, p. 311.

27Keedick, op. cit.

ЧАСТЬ ТРЕТЬЯ. МОИСЕЙ

ГЛАВА ПЯТНАДЦАТАЯ. ЭПОХА ИСХОДА

1Ex. 1: 8. All biblical quotations and references are taken from the Revised King James Bible, unless otherwise indicated

2Ex. 1: 11.

3Ex. 1: 12.

4Ex. 1: 14.

5Ex. 2: 1.

6Ex. 2: 3.

7Ex. 2: 10.

8Acts 7: 22.

9Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, II, x, 1–2.

10Ех. 3: 1.

11Ex. 3: 2–3.

12Ех. 3: 7–8.

13Ех. 3: 14.

14Ех. 3: 14–15.

15Ех. 14: 21.

16Ех. 16: 1.

17Ех. 19: 11.

18Ех. 33: 6.

19Ех. 32: 4.

20Deut. 34: 1.

21Deut. 34: 6.

22Keedick, «Howard Carter», unpublished memoirs, c. 1924.

23Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Pharaoh», pp. 538—42, which describes Rameses II as Pharaoh of the Oppression.

24Gen. 45: 10; 46: 28, 29, 34.

25Gen. 47: 11.

26Num. 13: 22 27Ps. 78: 12, 43.

28Easton, s.v. «Zo» an», pp. 713—14.

29Bietak, «Avaris and Piramesse: Archaeological Exploration in the Eastern Nile Delta», PBA 65 (1979), pp. 228—9.

30Adam, «Recent discoveries in the Eastern Delta», ASAE 55 (1958), pp. 306, 318-20.

31 Ibid., p. 320.

32Ibid., p. 323; Habachi, «Khata» na-Qantir, Importance», ASAE 52 (1952), p. 443.

33See Adam, pp. 322—4.

34Habachi, pp. 443—4.

35Van Seters, The Hyksos: a new investigation, pp. 127—51.

36Naville, The Geography of the Exodus», JEA 10 (1924), pp. 28–32.

37Wan Seters, pp. 148—9.

38Bietak., pp. 247—53.

39Ibid, p. 269.

40Ibid, р. 273.

41Ibid., р. 279-

42Easton, s.v. «Pharaoh», pp. 538—42.

43Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, «Hymn of Victory of Mer-ne-Ptah (The «Israel Stela»)», pp. 376—8.

44Ibid, p. 378.

45Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, pp. 57–73.

46Pritchard, p. 378 n. 19.

47Lichtheim, pp. 77.

48P Anastasi VI, 4: 11—5:5, in Redford, Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times, p. 228.

49Naville, The Store-city of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus, pp. 4–5.

50Ibid.

51Ibid., p. 4.

52Ibid., pp. 13–14, 28.

53Ibid, pp. 4, 10, 12–13.

54Ibid., pp. 12–13.

55Ibid., pp. 11–12. See Ex. 5:7–8.

56Holladay, Cities of the Delta, pi. Ill: Tell el Maskhuta: Preliminary Report on the Wadi Tumilat Project 1978–1979, pp. 10–27.

57Millard, «How Reliable Is Exodus?», BAR 24:4 (July/August 2000), p. 55.

58A11 dates for biblical events are taken from Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Appendix I–Chronological tables, pp. 715–727. However, Wright, The Illustrated Bible Treasury, p. 173, gives 973 BC as the date for the foundation of Solomon's Temple.

59Ex. 12: 40.

60Bimson, «A Chronology for the Middle Kingdom and Israel's Egyptian Bondage», SISR3 (1979), pp. 64—9.

61Ibid.

62Wilson, The Exodus Enigma, p. 20.

63Ibid.

ГЛАВА ШЕСТНАДЦАТАЯ. ЕГИПТЯНИН ПО ИМЕНИ МОИСЕЙ